Investing in Hype: Understanding Market Volatility in 2026

This June, Facebook (now officially Meta) will shut down Horizon Worlds. You’d be forgiven for not recognizing the name, but it was meant to be the flagship social platform of the “Metaverse” — Mark Zuckerberg’s much-heralded pivot into virtual reality, announced in October 2021 alongside the company’s rebrand.

The original announcement video is still on YouTube. In retrospect, three things stand out about that grand vision of a future that looked suspiciously like Ready Player One:

  1. Nobody came. The Metaverse was a dead mall — sparse, empty, and largely ignored.
  2. It cost $88 billion. In inflation-adjusted terms, more than the Saturn V rocket program, and nearly a third of Apollo.
  3. Financial experts were astonishingly credulous about its prospects.

Consider McKinsey, which estimated the Metaverse could generate up to $5 trillion in value by 2030. This wasn’t an offhand remark — it was supported by a 60-page report laying out the case in detail. They were hardly alone. Companies like Gucci and Disney lined up to invest, eager to establish a virtual brand presence.

Under normal conditions, being this wrong — a roughly 6,350% reversal of value — might prompt some reflection on how we evaluate technological hype. But there has been no reckoning. No serious questioning of the institutions that promoted it, nor any meaningful reassessment of Meta’s valuation, which still hovers around $1.6 trillion.

Instead, the cycle continues. In 2026, we are preparing for a wave of mega IPOs: SpaceX, expected to be valued between $1 trillion and $2 trillion; OpenAI; Anthropic — each priced at levels that assume enormous future success.

At the same time, investors are being asked to absorb the volatility generated by Trump’s war with Iran. Now in its seventh week, the conflict sits in a fragile ceasefire, with peace talks already having broken down. Markets have been repeatedly jolted by pre-market announcements from Trump, aimed at calming investors or pushing down oil prices. They work briefly — until reality reasserts itself and volatility returns.

And beneath it all, the line between investing and gambling continues to blur. You can now bet on almost anything: sports, elections, military strikes, even market movements. If you prefer your speculation dressed up as investment, there are cryptocurrencies — from meme coins promoted by social media personalities to those endorsed by political leaders.

Meanwhile, the Artemis II mission has just returned from the far side of the moon — the closest humans have come since the 1970s. It is a genuine technological achievement, built on decades of expertise and engineering discipline. Yet even here, the narrative is distorted. Elon Musk has publicly dismissed the program, despite ongoing struggles to safely launch his own super-heavy rocket. His public persona is built on compressing timelines, dismissing constraints, and projecting certainty where experts see complexity.

SpaceX, for all its accomplishments, is profitable primarily because of Starlink. Its core rocket business is not, nor are its adjacent ventures in AI, reportedly losing close to $1 billion per month. And yet, it is among the companies expected to command a trillion-dollar valuation.

This is the environment we are operating in: one of extraordinary hype. The current focal point is artificial intelligence — a technology with real promise, and real risks, that is increasingly being framed not as a tool, but as a wholesale replacement for human labor.

In practice, the results are far more mixed. AI systems are being deployed widely, and while there are genuine successes, they often fall short in complex, real-world applications. Signs are emerging that progress at the frontier may be slowing, and that integration into everyday workflows is proving more difficult than expected.

At the same time, the risks are becoming harder to ignore. Reports suggest that a recent Anthropic model was able to contact its researcher despite being tested in isolation, and identified tens of thousands of software vulnerabilities, prompting emergency responses across major institutions. Elsewhere, an AI system in China reportedly began mining cryptocurrency without explicit instruction — an example of emergent behaviour that remains poorly understood.

From a risk-reward perspective, the disconnect is striking. Investors are being asked to discount meaningful downside — including the possibility of systems behaving unpredictably — while accepting highly optimistic assumptions about their ability to replace large portions of the workforce. Structural issues, such as hallucinations, remain unresolved and may limit the technology’s long-term utility.

And yet the dominant narrative persists: spend aggressively, build relentlessly, and assume the future will justify the cost.

It’s no surprise that many people feel uneasy about the pace of change. Not long ago, the internet was slow and confined to desktops. Smartphones only became widespread after 2008, and within a few years had been refined into engines of constant engagement, capturing attention through endless notifications. Today, we are immersed in a media environment optimized for immediacy, amplification, and emotional response.

For investors, this creates a dangerous dynamic. The fear of missing out is immediate and visceral; the benefits of skepticism are slow and often invisible. But they are no less real.

2026 will likely bring a steady stream of dramatic headlines — each demanding attention, each tempting reaction. The discipline required is simple, but not easy: remain calm, examine the facts, and resist the urge to act on noise.

We are living in an era of exceptional credulity, reinforced by opaque flows of capital and influence. The responsibility, then, falls on investors themselves — to think critically, to question confidently, and to resist the pull of narratives designed to benefit from their belief.

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Wealth Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company separate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

A Watched Pot With A Frog In It

Back in the spring, markets reeled after Trump announced a new round of unilateral tariffs. The April 2nd announcement triggered a week of panic selling until the administration promised a temporary 90-day pause to pursue trade negotiations. Nine months later, the U.S. now has the highest tariff levels in over a century, economic data is showing signs of weakening, and discussions of a market bubble are widespread. Why, then, is the stock market still so high?

The most immediate reason is the concentration of market leadership. The “Magnificent Seven” tech giants now account for more than 35% of the S&P 500, while the top ten companies make up nearly 40%. The gap between the S&P 500 and its equal-weighted equivalent is just shy of 10%, while the Magnificent Seven themselves have delivered a combined return of roughly 27.6% year-to-date. The comparison to the dot-com era is easy to make, but the fundamental difference is profitability: Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Meta and others continue to generate substantial earnings and hold enormous balance-sheet reserves. This profitability has helped anchor market confidence.

Figure 1 Growth of the Magnificent Seven as a part of  the S&P 500

Another factor is the lag in how economic data reflects policy changes. Despite the risks tariffs pose, the full impact has not yet shown up in backward-looking data like GDP or employment reports. Investors expecting an immediate shock instead found resilient quarterly numbers, reinforcing confidence rather than shaking it.

Figure 2 Effective tariff rates over time, from the Yale Budget Lab

There is also a deeper structural issue: the increasing concentration of economic power and spending. As wealth inequality widens, a large share of U.S. households are contributing less to measured economic activity. Recent consumer expenditure data suggests that the top 10% of households now account for roughly 50% of all consumer spending, while the bottom 60% contribute less than 20%. This means that economic stress among the majority of households may not meaningfully register in the headline data that markets rely on. Meanwhile, AI-related capital investment makes up a growing share of the remainder of measured economic activity.

Figure 3 Widening wealth disparities between households and consumer spending

This combination — delayed data effects, high concentration of consumption, and sustained AI investment — has helped keep investor sentiment resilient, even as negative signals accumulate beneath the surface. It has also masked the risks of allowing speculative dynamics to develop largely unchecked.

Figure 4 Growth of Personal Consumption as a percentage of GDP

Concerns about an AI bubble are growing. Estimates of total AI investment now exceed $3 trillion when considering capital expenditures, valuations, and related infrastructure spending. Commercial use cases outside of a few sectors remain limited. Some firms have begun participating in “circular funding arrangements,” where they invest in each other’s AI initiatives to reinforce perceived valuations. Even industry leaders acknowledge the speculative environment: Sam Altman, the CEO of Open AI has said there is likely a bubble, while Jeff Bezos has called this a “good bubble” that will still produce transformative breakthroughs.

History suggests that speculative cycles are remarkably resistant to logic. They often convert skeptics into participants, including professional money managers who join in under client pressure. Market bubbles resemble the proverbial frog in a pot: the danger rises slowly enough to dull caution.

Yet they also resemble the “watched pot” that never seems to boil. As long as new capital continues to flow into AI-linked investments, momentum can persist. Predicting the end of a bubble is famously difficult — markets can remain irrational longer than investors can remain solvent.

So what should investors do? Awareness of rising risk is the starting point. We may not be able to time the end of the AI boom, but we can examine investor behavior for signs of speculative excess.

Consider Tesla. After the election, the stock surged nearly 98% in six weeks on enthusiasm linked to political alignment and narrative momentum. Since then, sales have weakened, profitability has declined, and competition has intensified — yet the stock remains 10% above its level on inauguration day and has more than doubled off its lows. Tesla’s valuation continues to reflect belief in future breakthroughs rather than current operational performance. It is a clear illustration of narrative overpowering fundamentals — a hallmark of speculative markets.

Figure 6 Tesla stock performance from November 4, 2024 to November 4, 2025

If this environment feels uncomfortable, it may be time to review portfolio risk exposure. Reducing equity risk comes with trade-offs — especially missing out on momentum-driven gains — but clarity on long-term goals can help prevent emotionally driven decision making.

Market manias are difficult to avoid and even harder to detach from when others are benefiting. The antidote is a disciplined investment plan that emphasizes long-term objectives over short-term excitement. In a world where the water may be warming around us, it is better to be a watcher than the frog.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

Separating Fact and Fiction in Investing

Is America’s economy failing? Has Trump undone the American economic empire? Do ports sit empty? Are people being laid off? Have world leaders conspired to control America’s debt?

These are just some of the headlines and subjects floating around the internet. Depending on who you are and where your political allegiances lay, the answers will be self-evident. Trump is either a an economic genius and unparalleled negotiator, or he is a clumsy and indifferent conman masquerading as successful businessman and politician.

For investors this presents a real challenge. These questions aren’t just thought experiments. Depending on the answers they may significantly impact where one chooses to invest, and the more polemical the question the farther we may get from a useful answer, regardless of politics. If our goal is to ask questions to reveal truth, we may find ourselves confused as to why markets have surged back from their lows (as of May 12th the major US indices have almost recovered from their tumble at the beginning of April) even while business reporting warns of a potential for a worsening economy.

One way to make better sense of what’s happening is to put ourselves in the shoes of Donald Trump’s administrative allies. Imagine what someone who believes in what Donald Trump is doing would say about his economic plans. Its not as though they haven’t heard economists and businesses express doubt and worry about the actions of his administration. So how would they defend them?

In my imagining I believe they would argue something like the following:

                The United States is enormously rich but wastes money on cheap goods from China, and while some of these goods don’t need to be made here, America has lost enough manufacturing jobs that its worthwhile experimenting with tariffs to bring jobs back. Over the past 45 years we’ve seen countless evidence that playing by the rules of globalization reduces the ability of governments to help their most vulnerable citizens, and money has become too fluid and too willing to cross borders at the expense of their domestic homes. Regardless of what people fear, America remains the richest country in the world, with the largest consumer base, and that combined with the existing strength of the US economy will be enough to bring industry back to the US in some capacity while tariffs on junk from other countries will help pay for renewed and permanent tax cuts. Market volatility will be temporary while the economy realigns itself, but the combination of lower taxes and existing economic strength will ultimately help lift the markets even higher.

You don’t have to believe in such a claim, or even pretend this was what Donald Trump campaigned on. What I’m putting forth is a set of ideas (picked up through numerous interviews and speeches) that I believe his administration finds largely defensible and recognizable, and would be a better frame of reference for understanding their actions. Let’s start with the recent indication that GDP is contracting. In traditional economic terms, two quarters of back-to-back GDP contractions constitute a recession. We’ve had more than a few of those over the past decade, but few people would say that we’ve had recessions. The reason for this might be best expressed by Jason Furman; an American economist, professor at Harvard, and former deputy director of the US National Economic Council, in a recent editorial in the Financial Times. Outlining the importance of “Core GDP” vs “GDP”, he points out that Core GDP (actually known as Real Final Sales to Private Domestic Purchasers) better reflects consumer spending and private investment while the traditional GDP includes net exports, inventories, and government spending, all things in flux because of Trump’s new administration. So, while the GDP contracted in Q1 of this year, the Core GDP was up in the first three months.

What about rumours of empty ports and empty shelves? Reportedly Trump was shaken following meetings with the heads of three major retailers about shelves being empty if the tariff’s remain at 145% on China. Trump seems to have vacillated a number of times about the size and implementation of the tariffs, but as of today they remain intact. Asked about higher prices and fewer options Trump seemed dismissive of concerns over the Chinese trade war declaring “maybe the children will have two dolls instead of thirty dolls, and maybe those dolls will cost a couple of bucks more.”

Is Trump being dismissive? Yes, but he’s also not worried that shelves will be empty. Though shipping and imports are down as we head into May for cargo coming from China, far from alarmist rumours that docks are sitting empty there is still plenty of ocean-going traffic coming from China.

 Does this mean that there won’t be furloughed dock workers or empty shelves? According to the Port of Los Angeles there has been a 35% drop week over week of expected cargo, and a 14% decline from the previous year. That very well may lead to reduced working hours and fewer options in stores, but the discrepancy between what’s being shared online and what is likely to actually happen is probably enough to gird the loins for Trump’s team to continue their policies.

What about layoffs? Fears about unemployment remain high, but as the most recent jobs report shows hiring remains robust and the unemployment rate, already very low, remains unchanged.

This discrepancy between a popular public impression and the on-the-ground economic reality gives room to Trump’s administration to continue ahead with ideas that remain controversial, as well as opening up investors to making mistakes in their allocations. For the time being, Trump does have a reservoir of economic and political strength to call on. He may be using that reserve up, but may also have guessed with some accuracy that the global economy will keep doing business with America regardless of whatever feathers he ruffles.

But markets may also not be calculating the longer-term direction correctly, mispricing assets and remaining too optimistic. Since Trump’s re-election markets have been shown to be placated by the promise of deferred tariffs, as though deferring them is really the prelude of getting rid of them. Trump doesn’t help this by going back and forth on their implementation, but listening to his words, and following his actions, I feel that it would be a mistake to assume that the tariffs will ultimately be rescinded.

This past week changes to the auto-tariffs were announced, reducing some of the duplication of tariffs on steel and aluminum, but also laid out reimbursements and tariff relief for parts manufacturers need to import. These changes also make clear the groundwork for a longer and more durable tariff regime. Trump himself has been quick to correct any reporting that suggests that he’s backtracking or creating exemptions for specific products, and that some products may end up with different tariff treatment, but will still be subject to tariffs.

This seems best exemplified by the announcement of the US-UK trade deal. Called “a starting point” by the British ambassador, the Trump administration has said the deal is “maxed out”, leaving in place a 10% tariff on British imports, with a reduced tariff on British cars, steel, and aluminum (the deal effectively lowers car and steel duties to the flat 10% rates, down from 27.5%).

Whether deals such as these are anything for the market to get excited about is a question that will be answered with time, like all the unanswered questions that have been introduced this year. What investors must work on is remaining clear eyed about what is happening, and resist submitting to their own partisan preferences. Trump may yet undermine the US economy, and trade deals may turn out to simply be acknowledgements of existing tariff rates, or perhaps the opposite may happen. But recognizing that reality is more mixed and that we do not yet have a clear picture about the future will promote more time tested strategies for sensible investing.

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Wealth Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company separate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

When It Comes to Trump, Investors Must Be Patient

This piece was meant to come out last week before the most recent tariff announcement. It was delayed, but the points it makes remain relevant.

Donald Trump’s actions since taking office have failed to deliver the kind of economic and market stimulation people had been imagining. For many professionals, business owners, and financial analysts, the assumption was that Trump would be good for markets and good for the economy. His other political views, like isolationism, tariffs, and sense of personal grievance weren’t great features, but he would fundamentally be bound by market and economic performance.

That faith eroded quickly as it seemed that Trump was intent on widespread and indiscriminate tariffs, targeting first America’s closest trading partners, and then reciprocal tariffs on the European Union, Great Britain, Australia, and Taiwan. Concerns that this might damage the American economy may have bought time on when those tariffs were to be implemented (as of writing Canadian and Mexican tariffs have been deferred twice, though Steel and Aluminium tariffs have gone ahead) but April 2nd remains “liberation day” according to Trump, a day when America stops getting “ripped off”.

Trump’s administration have pivoted away from the idea that Trump will be good for the immediate economy, and that a “period of transition” is on the way. During his speech to Congress (officially not a State of the Nation) Trump also said that farmers will sell more of their food to Americans, ostensibly a populist message but one more likely grounded in further declines of American agricultural export.

Alongside Trump is Elon Musk, a man who seems possibly genuinely befuddled by the animosity his actions have garnered. Between possible nazi salutes, his outsized time on Twitter, his heading up of D.O.G.E (which he both officially and unofficially runs, for legal reasons), his direct intervention with Germany’s far right party the AFD, and the poor sales of his Tesla cars, TESLA stock has dropped considerably from its highs. Many have thought that this heralds the end of his company, and certainly would deal a blow to his personal fortune, about a third of which is in the form of TESLA stock.

The markets peaked around February 19th, with the S&P 500 up 4.46% since January 1st. The Dow Jones had peaked a little earlier at 5.5%, and the Nasdaq Composite was up 3.86%, all respectable numbers for the first 45 days of a year, especially following a very strong 2024. Over the subsequent weeks markets began losing steam and saw a significant drop. From mid February to March 12th, a period of three weeks, the Nasdaq lost 13.05%, the S&P 500 9.31%, and the Dow 7.16%. Investors were worried, a recession seemed looming, and consumer confidence had plummeted.

Figure 1Market data provided by Y Charts. Data is until March 31, 2025

Yet only two weeks later markets seemed to have stabilised. Commentators were more confident and expected Trump’s tariffs to be more “focused”. Following some fairly significant government intervention, even Tesla’s shares regained some of their lost ground, and the bond market had retreated as investor enthusiasm seemingly returned. And then, at the end of last week the enthusiasm sputtered once again.

What’s going on?

Whether you support Trump or not, his policies if fully enacted promise to reduce the size of the US economy. His expressed understanding of tariffs, how they work, what they can do, and how easily they can rewrite the global order of trade are objectively poor. Global supply chains are complicated things, and some of the most complicated aspects of them are tied up in semi-conductor manufacturing, making tariffs an expensive tax on top of essential components of the economy. His handling of international relationships has also been poor, and the seeming unravelling of the NATO alliance under his administration threatens not just global security, but also America’s defence industries, particularly the F-35 joint strike fighter, a multi-purpose fifth gen fighter whose economics only worked if it became the standard across NATO. His stated aims of building a coalition to contain China’s global ambitions run counter to his animosity towards global trade. Australia has been slapped with steel tariffs despite having a trade deficit with the United States, all while Australia now does three times as much trade with China as it does with America. Japan and South Korea are rapidly reorienting themselves towards China and seeking better relations with them for protection. The sudden rise of a hostile border force, detaining Canadian and European’s alike, seems to be shrinking the US’s tourism by up to 15%.

But these things have not yet fully come to pass. Trump’s way of engaging with government is dictatorial with a reality show slant. Rarely does he spell out what a policy will be and frequently defaults to the phrase “we’ll see what happens.” This level of uncertainty gives Trump room to maneuver, and allows the market to engage in its most common behavior; optimism. Trump may seem to be heading towards a recession, but there remains a chance he may change his mind. The market sell-off through February and March was not an indictment of Trump’s government. It was a reset on the risk for investors and an opportunity to reevaluate what might happen next. That leaves considerable latitude for Trump’s administration to back away from damaging policies, or double down on them.

Heading into 2025 it looked like the US economy was the strongest globally, and while the early days of the new administration seemed to have changed some of that math, what it means is that there is still lots of different ways that the year could still unfold. The United States may back away from its trade war, claiming victory with whatever concessions can be finagled. Elon Musk might be kicked out of the Trump inner circle, something that would certainly change the calculus about how the government would be run. Voters, which look considerably less impressed with Trump’s early policies, might be so angry that Republican members of the house find the nerve to push back on the administration. There are lots of potential futures.

For investors the challenge is to find a path that will allow them to navigate between the pessimism of Trump’s detractors and the optimism of his own administration. After so many positive years in the markets there is real wisdom in taking some of those profits off the table, and good investment policy hasn’t changed. Given the very strong performance out of the United States for the past five years, its likely that those investments have grown, especially relative to other equity positions. This is a good time to ensure that portfolios are well diversified and that assets are not too concentrated. Lastly, safety is something that should be given real thought to. Rob Carrick of the Globe and Mail wrote a piece arguing that if you need your money in the next five years, you should pull it out now. That advice should be tempered with a conversation with your actual financial advisor, but what all investors should be looking for is a blend of the following:

  1. Enough equities to participate in good markets across the globe.
  2. Enough safety that they won’t panic if markets do worse.
  3. Enough cash to be able to take advantage of bad markets when they come up.

These three principles will look different for everyone, but should be balanced by the amount of risk you can absorb, and the ability to continue to meet your financial goals.

As we get closer to Trump’s “liberation day”, how much of Donald Trump’s policy agenda is well understood by investors is up for debate. According to Bloomberg, as well as some other news sources, retail investors followed a “buy the dip” mentality over March, while big institutional investors backed away. The market is not settled on what is going to happen, and while its tempting to say that little investors might take the biggest losses, there have been many instances of mistakes by large institutional investors. At the same time, there are many reasons to be cautious now. Though markets are off their all-time highs, they remain still at historic levels, and while the news has been quick to discuss “market panics” and “market crashes”, in truth we’ve only gone back to where we were in September. Investors should be on guard that markets can still go in either direction.

This leads to my final point. Investors will need to show patience in the face of the uncertainty. Followed to their natural ends, as I’ve outlined, many of his most aggressive policies don’t bode well for the future. But many of these policies may simply not come to pass. Markets may surprise people expecting the worst, and our own personal feelings about Trump and his administration’s actions may cloud our judgement about reality. What investors need to be is patient, and prepared.

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Wealth Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company separate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

Seriously and Literally

In 2016, Donald Trump supporters said that you should take him seriously, but not literally. His first press secretary, Anthony Scaramucci said “don’t take him literally, take him symbolically.” This defense of Trump was meant to highlight that while he may have said incredibly controversial things, much of that was just talk, and it was his message behind the words that you should really pay attention to.

But Trump himself has contradicted this view more than once, frequently saying “I don’t kid” when challenged on policy (the exact comment came about in 2020 over coronavirus testing). In other words, Trump has let people know that you shouldn’t be surprised when he does do things that seemed initially outrageous. For the wider world this has meant that you should take Trump at his word, and that even if some of his rhetoric is just that, rhetoric, you would be foolish to ignore the substance of his messages.

Since his re-election Trump’s focus has been squarely on tariffs, promising them on China (a further 10%), on BRIC nations (100%) and Canada and Mexico (25% each). He’s suggested that some of the tariffs can be avoided for Canada and Mexico over better border controls on drugs and illegal immigrants, but whether this is true is unknown. Political commentators like David Frum have pointed out that Trump’s views on trade have been consistent since his first considered run for the presidency in 1987, that he is hostile to trade and sees it as a zero-sum game.

A close-up of a piece of paper Description automatically generatedIn 2025 world leaders and policy shapers believe Trump should be taken both seriously and literally. While the current political situation in Canada has been turbulent, the view of the government and provinces is almost unanimous (Quebec and Alberta remain the perennial opponents to joining the band wagon). Doug Ford took the initiative to announce that Ontario could stop energy exports to the US in the event of a trade fight, a position seconded by BC’s premier David Eby.

But in the United States the threat of aggressive and expanding tariffs have also been taken literally, notably by Jerome Powell of the Federal Reserve. On December 18th, in a move that shook markets, Jerome Powell did announce a final rate cut for 2024, but stressed that future cuts were heavily dependent on inflation, which will likely rise if Trump enacts his regime of trading tariffs. Markets were quick to react, and though 2024 will be remembered as a pretty good year for investors, the speed and size of the market sell-off was newsworthy, being the largest since August.

The next morning and markets began on a relatively positive note, continuing a trend of brief panics followed by long yawns as markets simply resume their upward momentum. Little seems to have dissuaded the bull market since 2022 and with the US economy still showing itself to be very strong there’s every chance that the brief panic on December 18th was just that, a moment of panic at the end of 2024. But Trump, like the rest of us, doesn’t live in longer and slower news cycles. Instead market panics live on in social media, and run the risk of coalescing into counter narratives that Trump might hurt the economy more than help it (its notable that the economy has been very strong under Biden, but that didn’t change the perception that Trump had been the better economic steward).

In 2018 Jerome Powell began raising rates to blunt the sharper edges of a hot economy and return interest rates to somewhere near a historic norm. Since 2008 rates had remained at emergency low levels, and there was a genuine concern that markets were becoming addicted to cheap cash. In October of that year Jerome Powell made clear that rate hikes would continue until the Fed felt they’d reached a neutral rate, news not well received by the stock market. From October to the end of the year the S&P 500 lost 18% by December 24th, before rebounding slightly by the New Year. Markets had posted decent returns to the end of September, but wiped out those gains and finished the year -6.24% . During the last months of the year Trump made repeated efforts to pressure Powell to halt or cut rates, often publicly over Twitter.

My opinion is that Trump likes the ambiguity surrounding his pronouncements. Whether he actually intends to implement all the tariffs he’s discussed, whether they are bargaining positions, or whether he can be talked out of them is a grey area that offers him a position of strength. Politicians may be particularly vulnerable to his vagaries since they often wish to protect the status quo while Trump feels free to be a disruptor. But that grey area only works as a negotiating tactic so long as people believe that deals can be reached. If nations come to believe that Trump is serious and literal about tariffs and don’t believe they can be avoided, you are only left with a trade war. Similarly if you are in charge of the Federal Reserve and believe that Trump will do what he says, then you have every reason to pursue positions that curb inflation.

Following Trump’s election Jerome Powell was asked whether he would resign as the Federal Reserve chair, and was clear in his response; he will not, he is not required to leave, and cannot be compelled to. Trump already has a difficult and publicly hostile history with Powell, and its easy to imagine that if Powell is taking Trump seriously, he will move into direct conflict with Trump because of his policies, not in spite of them. Similarly conflict may be around the corner on diplomatic issues for the exact same reason. If Mexico feels it can’t avoid a trade fight with the US, you can assume that Mexico might be less interested in working to curb migrants at the US border. In Canada the same might be true, negotiating with someone who has no intent to make a deal (or honor the one already made) is not likely to build support for concessions.

Today Trump will take office following his inauguration, and he’s expected to sign a number of executive orders kicking off his next term. He has posed as a disruptor, and has nominated a number of other unusual thinkers and people opposed to the status quo to make up his cabinet. Whether they all take those roles and can do what they say they plan too is yet to be seen, but on December 18th we may have gotten some insight into what that future might look like, a future where Donald Trump is taken at his word, both seriously and literally.  

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Welath Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company seperate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

What Could a Faltering Condo Market Mean?

As summer has worn on there have been a growing number of headlines focused on Toronto’s stagnant condo market. In short, the number of units for sale continues to grow as buyers refuse to pay the elevated prices being demanded by sellers. Interestingly sale activity has been stagnant and prices haven’t really moved despite the growing inventory.

The knock on effect has been a significant slow down in new developments. This has led to growing concern that prices will rise in the future as new supply is postponed or canceled, and pressure is growing to get interest rates lowered to help stimulate buyers.

All of this sounds a touch too convenient for me. One of the reasons (not the only reason, but a significant one) we face a “cost of living crisis” is that housing has increasingly been seen as an investment, one that people have had greater faith in than other traditional assets. But housing booms aren’t new, and it seems odd to me that our chief concern about a growing glut of over-priced condos will be that condo prices will be higher in five to ten years. A more pressing concern is likely that condo investors, and the banks that have provided the mortgages, are deeply concerned that if buying doesn’t resume property prices could take a serious decline, erasing Canadian wealth and forcing Canadian banks to write down balance sheets.

For many this would be a welcome relief, potentially opening Toronto’s property ladder and easing some of the burden of the cost of living. But property ownership has been the source of growth of Canadian wealth over the past twelve years. According to Credit Suisse, Canadian wealth rose by two thirds from 2010 to 2022, however Canadian economic growth was quite weak, with income only rising by 15% over the same period. In other words, if Canadians are richer today than they’ve been in the past, its because they owned homes, not because the economy was paying more. Independently, we might conclude that there was something unique happening with Toronto’s condo market, but this news goes hand in hand with other worrying economic trends in the country. Notably, Canadian consumer insolvencies have been steadily climbing while unemployment has also been climbing. The unsold condo inventory is the highest it’s been since 2008, while data shows that household credit growth has been decelerating. Other disturbing news includes the expansion of the public sector, which now accounts for 1 in every 4 employed Canadians while public sector growth accounted for 49% of our most recent GDP growth.

2024 has been a disappointing year for Canadian economic news. Aside from the headlines above, one of the most striking statistics is that Canada is losing economic ground per capita. Much of our GDP growth is coming from high immigration, in effect importing new economic activity but at a rate below what is needed to expand the economy on a per person basis, and it has been doing so for more than 2 years. We are, in effect, in a “per capita recession”.

Since 2022, interest rate increases have pummeled the economy, particularly real estate, which has grabbed a lot of headlines. But Canada’s real estate market has shown considerable resilience through the first few years. However, investors that over are extended and feel the building pain from higher borrowing costs are starting to exit their investments. That hasn’t been altered by the recent interest rate cut which has yet to stimulate much new buying activity. Pressure is building from sectors of the economy to see rates fall and hopefully ease or reverse the effects of higher borrowing costs, but it remains to be seen whether rate cuts can happen at a pace both responsibly and fast enough to substantially change the direction of Canada’s economy (if it can at all).

On Monday, August 5th, changes in interest rates from the Bank of Japan reportedly triggered an unwinding of a popular “carry trade”, in which large institutions borrowed money in Japan for low cost, and then invested that money in US stocks. A hike in the BoJ’s lending rate had forced up the value of the yen, forcing the sale of those same US investments to pay back the now more expensive Japanese loans. Markets have recovered quickly, but it shook investor confidence, and while the explanation may not be wholly accurate, it’s a useful reminder that debt, which offers real value when used in moderation, can make economies extremely fragile. For years Canada has had the highest level of household debt to disposable income of any G7 country, and much of that was tied up in housing. What happens next is anybody’s guess.

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Welath Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company seperate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

Climate Change, Real Estate, & Markets – A Mid-summer Update!

Updates: Climate Change

In his book The Third Horseman: A Story of Weather, War, and the Famine That History Forgot, historian William Rosen recounts the effect of the regional climate change on Europe in the early 1300s. His recounting of the history of Europe (but mostly England) in the wake of the “Little Ice Age” is fascinating and frightening. Political upheaval, inflation and famine are all magnified by the effects of a changing climate, while the uncertainty it brings dramatically alters the European landscape and its political status quo.

The little ice age saw a general cooling across much of Europe, a shortening of the growing season, an increase in heavy rains that flooded land, rendered marginal farmland unusable, and a spiking in grain prices forcing cereals to be sourced from farther away (like the middle east) to feed the northern parts of the continent. It also saw the loss of some industries, like England’s wine producers. The reputation for terrific French and Spanish wines, and the English reputation for drinking them in great quantities is forged in the shadow of the this geographically specific climate alteration.

Until now.

According to the Financial Times Britain is seeing a surge of vineyards opening, as far south as Sussex and as far north as Scotland. In 2023 the country recorded its largest ever grape harvest, while the country’s largest winemaker, Chapel Down, is looking to sell more shares to fund further expansion of its business.

Over the last decade I’ve made the case that climate change is really about water and its predictability. It is interesting to note that in the mass of worrisome predictions, of the potential for war, for famine, and for a less secure and more fragile world, that one of the less expected outcomes might be a change in cultural identity of a whole nation; that one rainy little island may stop being rainy, and undo 700 years of a cultural identity.

Updates: Real Estate

In 2020, one of the first things I wrote in at the beginning of the lockdowns was about the Canadian real estate market, and whether lockdowns and a pandemic might unravel our condo market. Though the lockdowns were long lived, Canadian real estate survived helped in large part by the extension of emergency levels of interest rates. The cost of living crisis and the housing bubble, ever intertwined, got worse, not better.

Condo prices reached their peak in January of 2023, and fell back to a current low by late April. Since then prices have fluctuated somewhat, but have been largely range bound. Reported by the Toronto Star on June 14th, “the number of new listings for condos has increased 30% since last May” the bulk of those in the investor size, ranging between 500 to 599 square feet. Urbanation, a trade publication for real estate states “In the past year, unsold new condominium supply increased 30%, rising 124% over the past two years.” In addition “projects in pre-construction during Q1-2024 were 50% presold, down from a 61% average absorption over a year ago, and 85% two years earlier.”

The Globe and Mail wrote on June 29th that “there were 6350 active condo listings in the city, an increase of 94% from the previous May” and that “condo inventory 70 per cent higher than the 10-year average for last month.” The deterioration in the condo market is being felt by existing owners and investors, as well as developers whose per square foot costs run roughly $500 higher than existing condo values.

All this seems to be aligning with a secondary real estate problem; office and commercial real estate. Across the United States as well as Canada office real estate is also struggling. Though not news, employees refusing to return to work and companies downsizing their real estate foot prints has had a significant impact on owners of office space. Banks are unloading office loans, REITs are trying to sell unprofitable assets, and some, like Slate Office RIET just defaulted on $158 million of debt. The story of real estate, once the most unflappable asset an investor could hold, continues to unfold in surprising and worrying ways.

Updates: Markets

With half the year behind us market performance has significantly diverged. US markets, being carried by the strong performance of NVIDIA as well as the handful of usual tech company suspects, have delivered shockingly great results. At the end of June the S&P 500 was up 14.48% so far. An impressive return, but 70% of those returns are from six companies, and 30% of the return is from just one. The S&P 500 Equal Weight return, an index that assigns each company a proportional weight, only has a return of 4.07%. That 70% difference in performance is down to Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Google (Alphabet), and Facebook (Meta).

Figure 1 Performance data from Y Charts

The concentration of that performance makes the current rally fragile, though curiously other global indices, including Canada, are actually more concentrated than the US. This may account for why the TSX is only up 4.38% for the year, and had briefly dipped as low as 2.66% in June. Canadians are familiar with the feeling of having one of three industries (banking, energy, or materials) often set the tenor of a year’s returns. If the price of oil is climbing or falling, its often immediately reflected in our market index returns. In their own way the S&P 500 has taken on some of these characteristics.

Investors should know that markets continue to offer considerable upside, but those returns are coming from fewer and fewer parts of the economy.

Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (“ACPI”) is a full-service investment dealer and a member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (“CIPF”) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”).  Investment services are provided through Walker Welath Management, an approved trade name of ACPI.  Only investment-related products and services are offered through ACPI/Walker Wealth Management and covered by the CIPF. Financial planning services are provided through Walker Wealth Management. Walker Wealth Management is an independent company seperate and distinct from ACPI/Walker Wealth Management.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

Why is Inflation So Hard to Beat?

April was a turbulent month for markets. Having begun 2024 with an abundance of enthusiasm about the prospect of (very near) interest rate cuts from central banks, an improving economy both domestically and abroad, and resilient employment, 2024 promised the fulfillment of a long-held dream; for the central banks of Canada and the United States to tackle inflation without causing a recession.

Though recessions seem to not be lurking in the immediate vicinity, the best-case scenario for the year is now fully off the table. Several months of higher-than-expected inflation numbers have caused markets to reconsider their earlier optimism and contemplate some of the more pessimistic predictions for economies.

In turn, US markets shed several percentage points through the first two weeks of April, not wiping out the year’s gains but reducing them by about half. Bond markets, having placed bets on rate cuts and longer duration bonds have retreated as well, wiping out gains for the year and forcing bond traders to retrench into safer, shorter duration positions.

Markets have steadied since then, and have been encouraged by Jerome Powell’s statements that the Fed still intends to cut rates, but the earlier optimism about many cuts totalling more than 1% for the year seem unlikely, and even now we will need more data in the coming months to trigger the first cut that had been anticipated for the early year.

Why is this, and why have markets been so easily convinced that rates were bound to fall so quickly?

There’s no obvious single answer. Like many issues surrounding complicated problems a multitude of events, including human bias and the best of intentions have formed the foundations for a great deal of misunderstanding. For the Fed’s part, it has remained committed that data will drive all interest rate decisions, a sensible argument but one that has tied their hands. Investors and analysts have shown a natural bias of optimism, and have assumed that with the bulk of inflation easily defeated through 2022 and 2023 that the final pieces would fall easily into place. This optimism has not learned from the recent past, as 2023 began in much a similar way, with anticipation of rate cuts happening in the second and third quarter of the year only to have rates start increasing in May.

But after these more human problems, what remains are a series of headwinds that will likely be with us for the foreseeable future. While prices of many commodities have fallen from their peaks, and “supply chain constraints” are no longer choking the global trade network, the world is fundamentally different than its was before 2020. China’s relationship with the West is now more openly antagonistic, and a combination of “reshoring” or “friend shoring” is ensuring that costs will be higher than they were in the past. Food prices have continued to rise, with sometimes opaque reasons. In some instances there are clear justifications for higher costs, like bird flu affecting American egg prices or higher gas charges pushing up the cost of shipping. But other times it seems that prices have risen because grocery stores simply can. Finally, commodity prices, while lower than they were in 2021/2022, remain above pre-covid levels. This applies especially to the price of energy, which seems set to stay elevated for the near term.

Performance of the 1 year WTI contract – Source: Bloomberg

Underlying this remains some larger issues about inflation’s presence in our lives before 2020. As I’ve previously written, many parts of our society were experiencing inflation long before CPI began to worry economists and other experts. Prices of physical goods had been falling for decades, but price of homes, child care, education, and food had all been climbing over that same period. The price of housing might be better if governments took a more active role in getting the cost of development down, but permits and other government fees now account for anywhere between 20% (CMHC estimates) to 60% when all taxes, red tape, permit costs and development charges are accounted for, a lucrative source of funds for municipal budgets.

From blog Carpe Diem by Mark Perry:
Source: https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-or-century-8/

 Additionally, since 2008 interest rates had been at “emergency levels”, the lowest borrowing costs of any time in history. Those near zero rates, which were intended to help remove slack from the economy and encourage large capital expenditure instead stimulated enormous share buybacks among major corporations. Instead of new jobs and a hotter economy we got increasing share prices and more corporate debt.

Problems that take a long time to form do not get fixed quickly. Repeatedly markets have shown an impatience for corrections and are quick to assume that pauses in inflation must mean that the trend of higher prices has both been beaten and that interest rates can fall back to previous emergency levels. Even if interest rates are at sufficient levels to regain control over the direction of inflation, it still doesn’t mean that rates can fall quickly, and the longer rates stay elevated above the emergency levels of the past, the deeper and more costly current interest rates become to the economy.

In Canada low interest rates helped stimulate an enormous increase in property values through the 2010s and into the pandemic. Higher interest rates threaten those gains and as we go through 2024, almost 60% of mortgages will have renewed into more expensive loans since rates began climbing. Even if interest rates begin to fall, homeowners can expect that the cost of borrowing will be much higher than they’ve been for many years. Between the desire of home owners to keep house values high, municipalities to keep their tax bases stable, and banks to ensure that the value of properties they’ve underwritten don’t move too much, the pressure to get inflation down runs squarely into our own self interest.

The urgency and desire for lower interest rates are real, but so are the headwinds that keeps inflation pressure high.

Walker Wealth Management is a trade name of Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (ACPI)* – if applicable ACPI is regulated by the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (http://www.iiroc.ca) and a Member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (http://www.cipf.ca). (Advisor Name) is registered to advise in (securities and/or mutual funds) to clients residing in (List Provinces).

This publication is for informational purposes only and shall not be construed to constitute any form of investment advice. The views expressed are those of the author and may not necessarily be those of ACPI. Opinions expressed are as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice and information has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable. This publication has been prepared for general circulation and without regard to the individual financial circumstances and objectives of persons who receive it. You should not act or rely on the information without seeking the advice of the appropriate professional.

Investment products are provided by ACPI and include, but are not limited to, mutual funds, stocks, and

bonds. Non-securities related business includes, without limitation, fee-based financial planning services; estate and tax planning; tax return preparation services; advising in or selling any type of insurance product; any type of mortgage service. Accordingly, ACPI is not providing and does not supervise any of the above noted activities and you should not rely on ACPI for any review of any non-securities services provided by Adrian Walker.

Any investment products and services referred to herein are only available to investors in certain jurisdictions where they may be legally offered and to certain investors who are qualified according to the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. The information contained does not constitute an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any product or service.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

Revisiting Inflationary Heat Waves

About 12 months ago I had reflected on a summer of global heat waves and how rising global temperatures would ultimately be inflationary as citizens and governments would be stressed in a multitude of ways to tackle heat waves, flooding, and health issues. But as it turns out there were other (not considered) ways that global warming might become an inflationary issue for countries.

If you’ve never stopped to look into global shipping, you’re missing out on one of the most impressive global logistical challenges that has been tackled by human civilization. The ubiquity of cargo containers and the ships that move 90% of everything we use across oceans, renders both the novelty of this achievement and its impressiveness invisible. It wasn’t that long ago that shipping things (anything) was a cumbersome and wasteful endeavor where the distance something could be shipped, its speed in getting there, and the amount that would arrive unspoiled was a pitiful fraction of what travels today. The creation of standardized shipping containers and the development of ever larger ships to carry them has been a cornerstone of globalization.

But the speed of shipping is also dependent on two enormous infrastructure projects of significant historical importance; the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal. The histories of these mega projects are impressive and they retain essential roles in cutting down transportation times for ships crossing from one side of the planet to the other, speeding raw materials and finished goods to markets faster and for less money.

As I like to point out, most stories involving global warming are really stories about water. The Panama Canal, though it connects two oceans, is in fact a freshwater canal and relies on tributaries and rainfall to maintain its depth. But 2023 has delivered a serious drought to Panama and left tributaries and rivers dry, leading to a shallower draft in the Panama Canal. The managers of the canal have taken several measures to deal with this, the most notable has been reducing the draft limit of ships by six feet.  

Six feet may not sound like a lot, but each foot reduced equates to a reduction of between 300 to 350 cargo containers per ship. Six feet is about 2000 fewer containers per boat, or around 25% of a typical cargo ship. This has meant that ships have to carry less cargo, or manufacturers are paying a premium to ensure their cargo is on an earlier scheduled ship. Other options include unloading and shipping some of the cargo by train and reloading it at another port, or travelling around the southern tip of South America, adding weeks to the voyage.

As if this wasn’t enough, lower water levels have also meant fewer ships allowed to transit the canal, with daily transits dropping from 40 to 36 to 32 trips a day, while fees for those crossings have risen to $400,000 per trip. For ships that have set travel times and book passage through the Panama Canal in advance, the impact of these changes has been less pronounced, but other types of shipping, like bulk and gas carriers that must wait for a slot in the canal are now waiting an average of 10 days (an increase of 280% since June) to make it through.

Inflation has many sources, but one we’ve been assumed would recede quite quickly was inflation due to infrastructure and shipping. Initially global supply chain stresses came from China, pandemic shutdowns, and backlogs. But time would ultimately fix these issues as China reopened and ports cleared the backlog of ships. The challenges of the Panama Canal show that climate change will likely remain a source of inflation, unanticipated and requiring considerable money to manage. Since water infrastructure is something that we typically underfund, there is almost no place, rich or poor, that isn’t looking at considerable future costs to improve and maintain existing infrastructure, let alone new infrastructure.

As we head into the winter, its very likely that the drought in Panama will ease, and shipping costs may come down while transportation times shorten. But this marks another change in the environment that may become a reoccurring pressure point on economies, and one that may become so regular as to recede into the background even while it impacts our daily lives. The lesson to investors should be that global warming remains inflationary and will demand ever more money for infrastructure.

Walker Wealth Management is a trade name of Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (ACPI)*

ACPI is regulated by the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (www.iiroc.ca) and a Member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (www.cipf.ca). (Advisor Name) is registered to advise in (securities and/or mutual funds) to clients residing in (List Provinces).

This publication is for informational purposes only and shall not be construed to constitute any form of investment advice. The views expressed are those of the author and may not necessarily be those of ACPI. Opinions expressed are as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice and information has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable. This publication has been prepared for general circulation and without regard to the individual financial circumstances and objectives of persons who receive it. You should not act or rely on the information without seeking the advice of the appropriate professional.

Investment products are provided by ACPI and include, but are not limited to, mutual funds, stocks, and bonds. Non-securities related business includes, without limitation, fee-based financial planning services; estate and tax planning; tax return preparation services; advising in or selling any type of insurance product; any type of mortgage service. Accordingly, ACPI is not providing and does not supervise any of the above noted activities and you should not rely on ACPI for any review of any non-securities services provided by Adrian Walker.

Any investment products and services referred to herein are only available to investors in certain jurisdictions where they may be legally offered and to certain investors who are qualified according to the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. The information contained does not constitute an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any product or service. 16 Past performance is not indicative of future performance, future returns are not guaranteed, and a loss of principal may occur. Content may not be reproduced or copied by any means without the prior consent of the author and ACPI.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc

The Inflationary Heat Wave

In his book “The Ministry for the Future”, author Kim Stanley Robinson imagines a heat wave impacting India, pushing temperatures ever higher for an extended period of time. Eventually temperatures exceed the “wet bulb temperature”[1] for human survival, the point when a human body can not cool itself down by sweating, sitting in the shade, or drinking water. The death toll is unimaginable. Millions die. So begins Robinson’s account of a world in the throes of global warming.

This year contained many headlines that echoed Robinson’s book. There were heat waves in Australia, India, North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. It comes on the heels of energy and food shortages, exacerbating already stressed pressure points for global security and worsening inflation. To date I’m not aware that there have been any places where the WBT has gone above 35C, but that doesn’t mean people, economies, and nations aren’t being pushed to the breaking point. Forest fires are common after such an extended period of heat. Crops suffer and efforts to stop agricultural failure are expensive. Water patterns are disrupted, with sudden downpours and earth so parched it can’t absorb rapid deluges leading to flooding. Electrical grids are increasingly stressed to their breaking point as demand surges. And of course, people die due to heat exhaustion.

How hot are these heat waves? In January temperatures in Buenos Aires reached 41.1C and 700,000 people lost power. In Australia a town called Onslow reached 50.7C, tied now for the hottest temperature recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. The city of Perth had 11 days of temperatures over 40C. In the same period (early February), Palm Springs in California reached 34C.

In March and April 90 deaths would be recorded across India and Pakistan, a number almost certainly (and deliberately) inaccurate. Cities across the subcontinent saw temperatures more than 42.8C, and one city in Maharashtra state recording over 45C. Pakistan saw temperatures in excess of 49.5C and 47C in various cities. Birds fell from the sky in Gujarat, and a bridge collapsed in Pakistan following glacial flooding. While the official total was only 90, other more recent heat waves across Europe reveal those numbers must be much higher, with some of the most vulnerable in the society simply going uncounted as victims.

In June heat waves hit much of Europe, pushing temperatures up to 40C, or higher across much of the continent. That same heat wave reached the UK, pushing the temperature in London to 40C as well, a first in living memory for the country. While that spike was short lived, it was a reminder of just how dependent populations are on the infrastructure built on certain climatic expectations. Air conditioners, while not totally uncommon, are not used by the majority of Europeans, and often homes or apartments cannot easily accommodate their introduction by design.

Our thinking can also be quite constrained by experiences, but the extreme temperatures we’ve seen affect more than people. Heat waves and their accompanying droughts can also create problems we wouldn’t consider. In France the temperature of rivers (specifically the Rhone and Garonne) rose so much that they were too hot to cool nuclear reactors, forcing shutdowns. In Germany the Rhine was so low in early August that it was in danger of being shut to cargo, potentially hindering delivery of the coal now needed to meet energy needs. And in China, Foxconn, a major industrial supplier for companies like Apple and Toyota, suspended plant operations as the region suffers from hydropower shortages due to low water levels in the Yangtze.  

We’ve just passed the end of summer, but across much of the world heat waves have left significant impacts on economies and peoples.  I started writing this piece while in Spain with my family in July, where everyday temperatures had remained above 40C. Since then I have been returning to this essay only to note that things have gotten worse. The high temperatures being faced by people in countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh have been compounded by surging demand for electricity, forcing governments to have structured rolling blackouts. Protests have been erupting in Pakistan as energy prices have continued to soar despite the ongoing blackouts. In Bangladesh production in the garment industry has struggled as a result of the mandatory power cuts, efforts to curb the rising prices faced by the nation in energy and food.

If water levels were low in China at the beginning of August, they were positively dire at the summer’s end. China’s largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake, nearly dried up forcing extensive trench digging operations to keep water flowing to farmland. In France portions of the Loire River ran dry (the government is quick to point out the river is still open to traffic and is not at its historic lowest point) while in Nevada the artificial lake created by the Hoover Dam, Lake Mead (the primary source of water for Las Vegas) is at its lowest levels since 1937 (Lake Mead has had a small rebound since the end of July, driven in part by reduced demand downstream of the dam). The heat wave affecting California is now thought to be one of the worst and most persistent in history. Meanwhile in Pakistan heat waves have given way to unparalleled flooding. An estimated 33 million people have been displaced, 15% of the country’s population, as its crumbling infrastructure has proven no match for extreme weather.

Global warming has much the same effect on economies like black holes do on physics, warping everything around them until the laws we assume that govern things become unrecognizable. In the period of a week or so, roughly 900 people died in Spain from the heat, including the death of a sanitation worker who dropped dead on the job in Madrid due to heart failure. Reportedly his internal body temperature was above 40C when he was attended to by paramedics. In the face of tragedies like this, what are governments likely to do? What will citizens do?

They will be forced to act, encouraging the use of air conditioners, building more resilience in the electrical grid, directing public funds to deal with vulnerable individuals who are at risk in high heat conditions. If crops start to be affected, you can also bet that governments will be more predatory when it comes to protecting grain supplies and working on minimizing the effects of climate related inflation. If energy rationing becomes more common it will force more top down restrictions, more public money towards expensive infrastructure projects, and contractions in living standards.

For my own part I remain unconvinced that governments will be proactive with regards to these challenges, and instead I expect them to be reactive to a fault with only the richest nations able to potentially solve more than one problem at a time. But short-sighted self interest is not unique to kleptocratic dictatorships. In the United Kingdom, which came under numerous “hosepipe bans” in the summer, selling off reservoirs for new developments while not investing in any new significant water infrastructure for 30 years goes hand in hand with climate change impact. Countries across Europe, Asia and North America have been robbing Peter to pay Paul, and now the bill is coming due.

Winter is coming, and before us lies the potential for further difficult months. Heatwaves have raised food prices and taxed electrical grids. Winter promises to see further pain as energy needs traditionally met by Russian oil will now need alternatives. Coal, a major contributor to the climate crisis, is the current favourite choice both across the developing world, but now also in wealthier western countries facing the pinch of oil and natural gas shortages. The demand is so great that coal use is expected to be at an all time high in 2022. In Germany people are buying electric heaters, but being so inefficient they actually use more electricity and will likely increase energy prices further for Europe’s most beleaguered industrial powerhouse.

Headlines in 2022 have been dominated by central banks raising interest rates to combat inflation. The risk of this strategy is a recession, potentially globally, but the cost of failure is an inflationary environment where food, energy, utilities, and consumer goods become more expensive. And yet that is exactly what has happened; over confidence, short sightedness and a fundamental misunderstanding of resilience planning has made us all “richer” in the short term, but promises to make us pay more in the long term. Heatwaves are baking in our inflation.

Walker Wealth Management is a trade name of Aligned Capital Partners Inc. (ACPI)* – ACPI is regulated by the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (www.iiroc.ca) and a Member of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (www.cipf.ca). Adrian Walker is registered to advise in securities and mutual funds to clients residing in British Columbia and Ontario.

This publication is for informational purposes only and shall not be construed to constitute any form of investment advice. The views expressed are those of the author and may not necessarily be those of ACPI. Opinions expressed are as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice and information has been compiled from sources believed to be reliable. This publication has been prepared for general circulation and without regard to the individual financial circumstances and objectives of persons who receive it. You should not act or rely on the information without seeking the advice of the appropriate professional.

Investment products are provided by ACPI and include, but are not limited to, mutual funds, stocks, and bonds. Non-securities related business includes, without limitation, fee-based financial planning services; estate and tax planning; tax return preparation services; advising in or selling any type of insurance product; any type of mortgage service. Accordingly, ACPI is not providing and does not supervise any of the above noted activities and you should not rely on ACPI for any review of any non-securities services provided by Adrian Walker.

Any investment products and services referred to herein are only available to investors in certain jurisdictions where they may be legally offered and to certain investors who are qualified according to the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. The information contained does not constitute an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any product or service.

[1] You may never have heard of the wet bulb temperature before, but it will be something we all come to know. The temperature is determined by having two thermometers side by side, one covered with a “sock” soaking in water. As air moves over the wet bulb of the second thermometer, moisture will evaporate and lower the temperature, giving you a different reading from the unadulterated thermometer. The first tells you the outside air temperature. The second tells you how much cooler you can be if water is evaporating off you. If in a heat wave the WBT reaches or exceeds 35C, the human body can not survive for an extended period outdoors.

by The Walker Report of Walker Wealth Management and Aligned Capital Partners Inc